The Kumano Kodo, an ancient network of sacred routes in Japan, stretches through mountains and valleys in the Kii Peninsula, south of Osaka. This route, linked to Japanese spirituality, has been traversed for centuries by pilgrims seeking peace and a connection with nature.

In Europe, the Camino de Santiago occupies a similar place, guiding thousands of people towards the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, and standing out for its religious and cultural tradition.

Both routes, recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites, share the purpose of reflection and spiritual growth, attracting pilgrims from all over the world. This union between East and West makes both routes emblems of faith, culture, and inner discovery.

 

Similarities and Differences Between the Camino de Santiago and Kumano Kodo

Both the Camino de Santiago and the Kumano Kodo are routes with a deep spiritual significance, inviting reflection and personal connection. In both cases, the pilgrimage becomes a transformative experience that allows one to appreciate the cultural and spiritual heritage of each destination.

However, the differences between them are notable:

Geographically, the Camino de Santiago crosses several regions of Spain. If you walk the various stages of the Camino Primitivo from Oviedo, for example, you traverse mountainous landscapes, rivers, and rural areas. In contrast, the Kumano Kodo is located entirely within the Kii Peninsula, a region of dense vegetation, steep mountains, and a more humid, subtropical climate, creating a distinct atmosphere.

As you can imagine, customs and rituals are different. On the Kumano Kodo, pilgrims often perform purification ceremonies at shrines along the route. This is a detail that surprises those accustomed to the restoration at the Camino de Santiago in inns or hostels.

The duration of both routes also varies: the Camino de Santiago offers routes of various lengths, some up to 800 km. Meanwhile, the Kumano Kodo tends to be shorter, though its trails are often more challenging.

 

Kumano Kodo Routes: Discovering Japan’s Sacred Paths

The Kumano Kodo offers several sacred routes that allow you to explore the nature and spirituality of Japan in an authentic way.

 

Nakahechi Route

One of the most iconic routes of the Kumano Kodo, it connects the city of Tanabe with the main shrine of Kumano Hongu Taisha. With a length of about 40 kilometers, this route is known for its accessibility and natural beauty.

Along the way, pilgrims pass through lush forests, crystal-clear streams, and ancient temples that reflect the rich spiritual heritage of the region.

This route has traditionally been used by the Japanese royalty for pilgrimages, adding a historical aura to the experience. Travelers can enjoy a balanced combination of relatively flat terrain and sections with moderate slopes, much like the itinerary to Muxía, making it suitable for a wide range of fitness levels.

 

Kohechi Route

The Kohechi Route is one of the most challenging and fascinating routes of the Kumano Kodo, connecting Mount Koya (Koyasan), a major center for Buddhist practice, with Kumano Hongu Taisha. With a length of about 70 kilometers, this option stands out for its mountainous terrain and variable weather, making it ideal for experienced pilgrims.

Along the way, pilgrims pass through ancient temples, shrines, and areas of spiritual retreat, offering numerous opportunities for meditation and reflection. The route also follows paths historically used by yamabushi monks, known for their ascetic practices and deep connection with nature.

In addition to the physical challenge, it offers the opportunity to experience the serenity and majesty of Japan’s mountainous landscapes.

 

Ohechi Route

The Ohechi Route is a Kumano Kodo coastal route, offering pilgrims spectacular views of the Pacific Ocean. With a length of approximately 30 kilometres, this option is less demanding in terms of physical difficulty. It is ideal for those who prefer to walk in a more relaxed environment and enjoy the sea breeze. 

The Ohechi Route combines well-marked paths with coastal landscapes, secluded beaches, and small fishing villages, providing a unique experience of nature and local culture. Along the way, pilgrims can visit coastal shrines and enjoy the tranquillity offered by the sound of the waves. 

Moreover, the route allows for exploration of the region’s rich biodiversity, with protected areas that house a variety of flora and fauna. Accommodations along the Route include both traditional and modern options, making trip planning easier and ensuring a comfortable stay. 

 

Iseji Route 

The Iseji Route connects Ise Shrine, one of the most revered shrines in Japan, with the Kumano shrines. 

With a length of approximately 60 kilometres, this route is famous for its rich historical and cultural heritage. The route passes through landscapes that combine nature and culture, including sacred forests, ancient temples, and sites that have been significant for imperial pilgrimages over the centuries. 

Pilgrims choosing this route can enjoy a variety of terrains: from relatively flat areas to moderately challenging mountain sections, making it accessible to different levels of physical preparation. 

Additionally, it offers multiple opportunities to explore traditional Japanese architecture and participate in religious ceremonies, providing a spiritual and educational experience. Points of interest along the route include historic shrines, Zen gardens, and museums that tell the story of pilgrimages in Japan. 

 

Omine Okugake Route 

This is one of the most demanding and spiritually significant routes of the Kumano Kodo. It connects Mount Omine, an important centre for Buddhist ascetic practice, with Kumano Hongu Taisha. With a length of approximately 80 kilometres, this option is designed for the most adventurous and physically prepared pilgrims. 

The Omine Okugake Route is characterised by steep paths, rocky terrain, and an often unpredictable climate due to its location in a mountainous region. Pilgrims on this route walk along ancient paths once used by yamabushi monks, who practised meditation and austerity in search of spiritual enlightenment. 

Along the way, there are numerous shrines and retreat sites where pilgrims can stop to rest, meditate, and reflect. The route not only tests the physical endurance of walkers, but also offers a deep spiritual connection with nature and the serenity of Japan’s mountainous landscapes.

Each route of the Kumano Kodo offers unique experiences and requires different levels of preparation. Compared to the routes of the Camino de Santiago, such as the French Way or the English Way, it offers a more immersive experience in nature and Japan’s spiritual traditions. 

 

The Kumano Kodo and Camino de Santiago Partnership: The Dual Pilgrim Programme

The “Dual Pilgrim” programme represents a unique initiative that connects the pilgrimage routes of Kumano Kodo in Japan and the Camino de Santiago in Spain. This partnership was established in 1998 when both routes were declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites, highlighting their cultural and spiritual values. 

The creation of the “Dual Pilgrim” allows pilgrims to receive a special certification upon completing both routes, symbolising a connection between East and West.

To obtain this distinction, you must complete a route from Kumano Kodo, such as Nakahechi or Kohechi, and one from the Camino de Santiago, such as the French Way or the Primitive Way. 

To receive the certification, you must stamp a pilgrim passport at designated points on each route. In Japan, you can obtain the certificate at the Kumano Hongu Taisha Information Centre; in Spain, at the Pilgrim’s Office in Santiago de Compostela.

 

The Cultural and Spiritual Impact of Walking Both Routes

Walking both the Kumano Kodo and the Camino de Santiago is a profound cultural and spiritual experience. Each route allows pilgrims to immerse themselves in the history and spirituality of Japan and Spain, highlighting ancient practices of devotion and self-awareness.

Many pilgrims experience a transformative effect on both routes, finding in each step an opportunity to reflect and connect with the spiritual. 

Walking both routes allows you to understand the similarities and differences in how each culture approaches the spiritual journey: while the Camino de Santiago tends to attract those seeking a more social experience, the Kumano Kodo highlights introspection and communion with nature.

 

Recommendations for Camino de Santiago Pilgrims Who Wish to Walk the Kumano Kodo

If you have walked the Camino de Santiago and wish to venture onto the Kumano Kodo, it’s useful to bear in mind some practical tips, similar to those for the English Way:

  • The best time to walk is between spring and autumn, when the weather is mild and rainfall is less frequent.
  • Physically, it requires a minimum level of preparation due to the mountainous routes and humid climate. It’s recommended to train beforehand with long walks, including uphill sections.
  • Bring waterproof clothing, appropriate footwear for uneven terrain, and a light backpack.
  • Accommodations along the main routes include ryokan and minshuku, traditional lodgings that require advance booking, especially during peak seasons.
  • Unlike the Camino de Santiago, signage is in both Japanese and English, so it’s useful to familiarise yourself with maps and information points along the route.
  • The experience on the Kumano Kodo is more solitary than on the Camino de Santiago. You’ll encounter fewer pilgrims and resources, so carrying extra snacks and water is essential.